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Investigator: Andrew Hartwick, OD PhD; College of Optometry, Ohio State University Introduction: There is now considerable evidence that three types of photoreceptors (rods, cones and intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells [ipRGCs]) contribute photic information to

Convergence insufficiency is an eye-teaming problem in which the eyes have a strong tendency to drift outward when the individual is reading or doing close work. If the eyes actually drift out, the person experiences double vision. To prevent double vision from occurring, the